1 ---
2 name: storyboard
3 description: Plan videos with shot lists, scripts, storyboards, and filming guides for social media.
4 ---
5
6 # Storyboarding for Social Content
7
8 Shot-by-shot storyboards for TikTok, Reels, YouTube Shorts, and UGC ad scripts. Built around retention physics, not film-school conventions.
9
10 ## When to Use
11
12 Activate this skill when the user says any of the following (or similar phrasing):
13
14 ### Direct triggers (high confidence)
15
16 - "storyboard," "shot list," "shot-by-shot breakdown"
17 - "video script," "script for my video," "TikTok script," "Reel script"
18
19 - "creator brief," "filming guide," "filming plan"
20 - "UGC ad script," "UGC brief"
21
22 - "pre-production plan"
23 - "hook ideas," "hook variants," "video hooks"
24
25 - "plan my next video," "plan a video"
26 - "video ad script"
27
28 - "content series for video," "plan a video series"
29
30 #### Contextual triggers (use when intent is planning/filming, not rendering)
31
32 - "plan a TikTok / Reel / Short" — planning what to film, not auto-generating a rendered video
33 - "video content plan" — planning a filming schedule, not writing blog posts
34
35 - "social media video ideas" — brainstorming video concepts, not written captions
36 - "create a TikTok ad" — when the user intends to film it themselves (ask if ambiguous)
37
38 - "ad campaign for [product]" — when the user mentions video, filming, or creators (otherwise may be ad-creative for static ads)
39
40 ##### When to ask for clarification
41
42 If the user says "make me a video," "create a TikTok," or "video ad" without specifying whether they want a plan to film or a rendered animation, ask:
43
44 > "Would you like me to plan a video for you to film (storyboard with shot list and script), or create an animated video that renders automatically?"
45
46 ## When NOT to Use
47
48 - **Static ad images** → use ad-creative skill instead
49 - **Written social media posts, blog content, email copy** → use content-machine skill instead
50
51 - **Brand identity (logos, colors, typography)** → use branding-generator skill instead
52 - **Code-rendered animated videos** (motion graphics, animated explainers that play automatically) → use video-js skill instead
53
54 - **Slide decks / presentations** → use slides skill instead
55 - **SEO landing pages** → use programmatic-seo skill instead
56
57 ### Key Distinction from Similar Skills
58
59 | This skill (storyboard) | video-js | ad-creative | content-machine |
60
61 |---|---|---|---|
62
63 | Plans videos you go **film yourself**|**Renders**animated videos from code | Creates**static ad images**| Writes**text content** (posts, blogs, emails) |
64
65 | Output: script + shot list + visual storyboard on canvas + creator brief | Output: playable animated video in browser | Output: designed image files | Output: written copy |
66
67 | For real-camera, UGC, creator content | For motion graphics, explainers, animated ads | For display ads, social image posts | For captions, articles, newsletters |
68
69 ## Platform Specs (2025-2026)
70
71 | Platform | Ratio | Resolution | Max duration | Sweet spot | File |
72
73 |---|---|---|---|---|---|
74
75 | TikTok | 9:16 | 1080×1920 | 10 min in-app / 60 min upload | **21-34 sec** | MP4/MOV, H.264, 287MB mobile / 500MB web |
76
77 | Instagram Reels | 9:16 | 1080×1920 | 3 min in-app / 15 min upload | **<90 sec** for Explore boost | MP4/MOV, 4GB |
78
79 | YouTube Shorts | 9:16 | 1080×1920 (up to 4K) | **3 min** | 15-60 sec | MP4 |
80
81 | YouTube long-form | 16:9 | 1920×1080+ | unlimited | 8-12 min (mid-roll ads) | — |
82
83 **Universal safe zone for cross-posting:**Keep all text, faces, logos inside the**center 900×1400** of the 1080×1920 frame. Top 14% + bottom 20-35% are covered by UI on at least one platform.
84
85 ## The 3-Second Rule (Data-Backed)
86
87 TikTok's algorithm scores hook retention **separately** from total watch time. 2025 creator analytics:
88
89 | 3-sec retention | View multiplier | Outcome |
90
91 |---|---|---|
92
93 | **85%+** | 2.8× | Viral tier — FYP push |
94
95 | **70-85%** | 2.2× | Optimal reach |
96
97 | **60-70%** | 1.6× | Average |
98
99 | **<60%** | baseline | Minimal distribution |
100
101 **Target: keep ≥65% of viewers past 0:03.** If you're losing >35% in 3 seconds, the hook is broken — rewrite the opening, not the body. 84% of viral TikToks in 2025 used an identifiable psychological trigger in the first 3 seconds.
102
103 ## Named Hook Formulas
104
105 The scroll-stopping element must fire in **0-2 seconds**. Seconds 3-5 expand it. **Never introduce — interrupt.** Banned openers: "Hey guys," "Welcome back," "So today I'm gonna..."
106
107 | Hook | Template | Trigger |
108
109 |---|---|---|
110
111 | **POV** | "POV: you just found out [revelation]" | Puts viewer inside the scenario; personal relevance |
112
113 | **Stop-scrolling callout** | "Stop scrolling if you're a [role] who [pain]" | Audience self-selects; filters for high-intent |
114
115 | **Contrarian** | "Everyone says X. That's completely wrong." | Cognitive dissonance demands resolution |
116
117 | **Unfinished story** | "I almost [drastic action] until I found..." | Open loop — Zeigarnik effect |
118
119 | **Negative listicle** | "3 [category] mistakes that are costing you [outcome]" | Loss aversion > gain framing |
120
121 | **Number hook** | "$47,000 in 30 days — here's the exact breakdown" | Specificity = credibility |
122
123 | **Secret reveal** | "What [authority] doesn't want you to know about X" | Insider info promise |
124
125 | **Surprise reaction** | Open on a shocked face, silent beat, then reveal | Viewer's brain asks "what are they reacting to?" |
126
127 | **Visual interrupt** | Start mid-action, mid-motion, mid-chaos | Pattern break — no static frame 1 |
128
129 **The silent test:** Watch your first 3 seconds on mute. If text overlay + visual alone don't communicate the promise, it fails — ~85% of social video is watched muted.
130
131 ## Script Structure by Video Type
132
133 ### Organic short-form (15-60s) — Hook → Value → Loop
134
135 ```text
136
137 0:00-0:02 HOOK Visual interrupt + text overlay with the promise
138
139 0:02-0:05 EXPAND Why this matters to YOU (the viewer)
140
141 0:05-0:XX DELIVER The value. Pattern-interrupt every 3-5s: cut, zoom, text pop, angle change
142
143 0:XX-end LOOP/CTA End mid-sentence OR loop back to frame 1 for rewatch. Soft CTA in caption, not in video.
144
145 ```
146
147 Mid-video retention hooks at ~15s and ~30s ("but here's the part nobody talks about...").
148
149 ### UGC ad (15-30s) — Direct Response formula
150
151 The proven DR structure: **Hook → Problem → Agitate → Solution → Proof → CTA**
152
153 ```text
154
155 0:00-0:02 HOOK "I was about to [give up on X]..."
156
157 0:02-0:05 PROBLEM Show/say the pain. Be specific.
158
159 0:05-0:08 AGITATE "And it just kept getting worse — [consequence]"
160
161 0:08-0:20 SOLUTION Product in hand. Demo it working. Lo-fi > polished.
162
163 0:15-0:22 PROOF Green-screen reviews behind you, or "my [authority figure] friend told me..."
164
165 0:22-0:30 CTA Verbal + text overlay. "Link in bio" / "Use code X"
166
167 ```
168
169 #### UGC ad writing rules
170
171 - Write like you text a friend — contractions, "literally," "obsessed," imperfect grammar
172 - One emotion per script (relief / excitement / transformation — pick one)
173
174 - Modular shooting: film hook, problem, demo, CTA as separate clips → mix-and-match 3 hooks × 1 body × 2 CTAs = 6 ad variants
175 - For TikTok Spark Ads, script must feel organic — get creator authorization codes; Spark Ads keep organic engagement metrics
176
177 - Research pain points in TikTok comments / Amazon reviews / Reddit before writing — use their exact words
178
179 **Vertical-specific angles:** Beauty → before/after transformation. Fitness → "30 days with X" challenge. SaaS → screen recording solving the problem in <10s. Ecom → unboxing + speed-of-delivery.
180
181 ## Shot-by-Shot Storyboard Format
182
183 | \# | Time | Shot | Visual | On-screen text | VO / Audio | Retention device |
184
185 |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
186
187 | 1 | 0:00-0:02 | CU face | Shocked expression, product out of frame | "I was today years old..." | [silence / gasp] | Surprise reaction hook |
188
189 | 2 | 0:02-0:05 | MS | Hold up product | "...when I learned THIS" | "So I've been doing X wrong for 3 years" | Text reveal |
190
191 | 3 | 0:05-0:08 | POV | Hands demo the product | — | VO continues | Angle change = pattern interrupt |
192
193 | 4 | 0:08-0:12 | Split screen | Before / After | "BEFORE → AFTER" | — | Visual proof |
194
195 | 5 | 0:12-0:15 | CU face | Direct to camera | "Link in my bio" | "Code SAVE20 — thank me later" | CTA |
196
197 **Shot types:** CU (close-up), MS (medium), WS (wide), POV, OTS (over-the-shoulder), Screen recording, Green-screen, B-roll.
198
199 ## Platform-Specific Adaptations
200
201 When the user targets multiple platforms, **always generate platform-tailored cut versions** in addition to the master storyboard. Each platform has different pacing, duration sweet spots, and UI overlays that affect how the same content should be edited.
202
203 ### Adaptation Strategy
204
205 After building the master storyboard, create a **Platform Adaptation Table** on the canvas showing how to re-cut for each target platform:
206
207 | Platform | Target Duration | Pacing | Key Adjustments |
208
209 |---|---|---|---|
210
211 | **TikTok** | 21-34 sec | Fastest — cut every 1.5-2 sec | Tightest edit. Remove any shot >3s. Combine AGITATE into PROBLEM if needed. Text overlays must be larger (thumb-stopping). End with loop or abrupt cut, not fade. |
212
213 | **Instagram Reels** | 30-60 sec | Medium — cut every 2-4 sec | Can breathe slightly more. Add a 2nd proof beat if available. Reels rewards saves — add a "save this" text cue. Caption overlay style should match IG aesthetic (cleaner fonts). |
214
215 | **YouTube Shorts** | 30-60 sec | Medium — cut every 3-5 sec | Allows the longest version. Can include extra context or a longer demo. Subscribe CTA works better than "link in bio." End screen overlay is supported. |
216
217 | **YouTube long-form** | Re-cut to 16:9 | Slowest — cut every 4-8 sec | Horizontal reframe. Can expand into a full explainer. Add intro context (5-10s) before the hook. Mid-roll friendly at 8+ min. B-roll and screen recordings can run longer. |
218
219 ### How to Generate Adaptations
220
221 For each platform the user targets:
222
223 1. Start from the master storyboard (all shots)
224 2. Note which shots to **trim**, **merge**, or **cut entirely** for that platform's sweet spot
225
226 3. Adjust text overlay sizing for the platform's safe zone
227 4. Modify the CTA to match platform conventions (TikTok: "link in bio" / YouTube: "subscribe" / Reels: "save this")
228
229 5. Add platform-specific retention devices (TikTok: loop endings / Reels: save prompts / Shorts: subscribe nudge)
230
231 Render the adaptation table as a separate section on the canvas below the master storyboard.
232
233 ## Localization & Cultural Context
234
235 When the target audience speaks a language other than English or is in a specific cultural region, the storyboard must adapt beyond simple translation. **Always ask the user** what language/region the video targets if not obvious from context.
236
237 ### Localization Checklist
238
239 1. **Language & Slang** — Write the script in the audience's natural language, including local slang, colloquialisms, and informal speech patterns. UGC scripts must sound like how people actually talk in that region, not formal/textbook language.
240
241 - Research local expressions: use `webSearch` for "[region] slang [year]" or "[region] TikTok popular phrases" to find current vernacular
242 - Example: Dominican Republic → "mano," "vaina," "ta to," "dimelo" — not formal Castilian Spanish
243
244 1. **Cultural Pain Points** — The problem/agitate phases must reference culturally specific pain points. What frustrates a young professional in Santo Domingo is different from what frustrates one in Austin.
245
246 - Use `webSearch` for "[region] [industry] frustrations" or "[region] Reddit/forum complaints about [topic]" to find authentic pain points
247 - Reference local platforms, banks, services, stores by name when relevant
248
249 1. **Visual & Setting Cues** — Image prompts for shot generation should reflect the local environment:
250
251 - Architecture, street scenes, typical home interiors for the region
252 - Clothing, food, vehicles, and brands the local audience recognizes
253
254 - Weather and lighting conditions typical of the region
255
256 1. **Currency & Numbers** — Always use local currency (RD$, MXN$, R$, etc.) in text overlays and voiceover. Specific local amounts feel more authentic than converted USD figures.
257 2. **Music & Audio** — Search for trending sounds specific to that region's TikTok/Reels ecosystem. Regional music trends vary significantly.
258
259 - Use `webSearch` for "[country] TikTok trending sounds [month] [year]"
260
261 1. **Humor & Tone** — Comedy styles vary by culture. What's funny in the US may not land in Latin America and vice versa:
262
263 - Latin America: Self-deprecating humor, exaggeration, family/friend dynamics, "que vaina" moments
264 - US: Sarcasm, absurdist, "relatable millennial/gen-z" humor
265
266 - Europe: Dry wit, understatement
267 - Always research: `webSearch` for "[region] comedy style TikTok" or "[region] viral funny videos [year]"
268
269 ### Language-Specific Script Format
270
271 When writing non-English scripts, format as:
272
273 ```text
274
275 ON-SCREEN TEXT: [text in target language]
276
277 VO: [voiceover in target language]
278
279 (Translation: [English translation for creator briefs sent to non-local teams])
280
281 ```
282
283 Only include the English translation line if the user indicates the storyboard will be shared with people who don't speak the target language.
284
285 ## Content Series Planning
286
287 When the product or topic supports it, **offer to plan a multi-video content series** instead of a single video. A series builds audience familiarity, improves algorithmic favor (watch-through from video to video), and lets you test angles systematically.
288
289 ### Series Structure
290
291 A content series is 3-6 videos with a shared theme but different angles. Each video is a standalone storyboard but they share:
292
293 - **Consistent creator/character** — same person, same setting, recognizable style
294 - **Series hook** — a recurring opening pattern viewers learn to recognize ("Part X of things your bank doesn't want you to know")
295
296 - **Progressive reveals** — each video teases the next ("but wait until you see what happened when I tried THIS...")
297 - **Shared visual identity** — same text overlay style, color accents, caption format
298
299 ### Series Templates by Goal
300
301 #### Product launch (3 videos)
302
303 | \# | Video | Angle | Hook Style |
304
305 |---|---|---|---|
306
307 | 1 | The Problem | Pain-focused, no product mention | Contrarian or Negative Listicle |
308
309 | 2 | The Discovery | "I found this thing..." — soft product intro | Unfinished Story |
310
311 | 3 | The Result | Transformation proof, hard CTA | Number Hook or Before/After |
312
313 ##### Ongoing content (weekly, 4-6 videos)
314
315 | \# | Video | Angle | Hook Style |
316
317 |---|---|---|---|
318
319 | 1 | Myth-buster | "Everyone thinks X but actually..." | Contrarian |
320
321 | 2 | Quick tip | One actionable tip in <30s | Number Hook |
322
323 | 3 | Story time | Personal experience with the pain point | Unfinished Story |
324
325 | 4 | Behind the scenes | Show the product/process in action | Visual Interrupt |
326
327 | 5 | User proof | Testimonial or user-submitted content | Social Proof |
328
329 | 6 | Trend-jack | Adapt a trending format to your niche | Platform-specific |
330
331 ### Series Canvas Layout
332
333 When planning a series, add a **Series Overview** section on the canvas above the individual storyboards:
334
335 1. **Series title bar** — series name, total video count, posting cadence, target platform
336 2. **Video cards** — one card per video in the series showing: video number, angle, hook type, estimated duration, and how it connects to the next video
337
338 3. **Then the full storyboard** for whichever video the user wants to develop first
339
340 Always ask: "Would you like me to plan this as a standalone video or as part of a content series?"
341
342 ## Creator Brief Export
343
344 After building the storyboard on the canvas, **always generate a downloadable creator brief** as a clean markdown file. This is what gets sent to the person who will actually film the video.
345
346 ### Creator Brief Format
347
348 Save to `attached_assets/creator_brief_[project_name].md` and present to the user using the file presentation tool.
349
350 ```markdown
351
352 # Creator Brief: [Video Title]
353
354 ## Overview
355
356 - **Product/Brand:** [name]
357 - **Platform:** [target platforms]
358
359 - **Duration:** [target length]
360 - **Tone:** [funny / dramatic / authentic / etc.]
361
362 - **Target Audience:** [who]
363
364 ## Shot List
365
366 ### Shot 1: HOOK (0:00-0:02)
367
368 - **Camera:** [CU / MS / WS / POV]
369 - **What to film:** [specific visual direction]
370
371 - **On-screen text:** "[exact text]"
372 - **Say this:** "[exact voiceover line]"
373
374 - **Wardrobe/Setting:** [any specific requirements]
375 - **Mood:** [the feeling this shot should convey]
376
377 ### Shot 2: ...
378
379 [continue for all shots]
380
381 ## Filming Notes
382
383 - [ ] Film on phone (no ring light, no DSLR)
384 - [ ] Natural light, casual/real setting
385
386 - [ ] Film each section (hook, problem, demo, CTA) as separate clips
387 - [ ] Total filming time: ~[estimate] minutes
388
389 - [ ] Wardrobe: [specific notes or "casual, everyday clothes"]
390 - [ ] Props needed: [list any products, phones, items]
391
392 ## Caption & Hashtags
393
394 - **Caption:** [suggested caption text]
395 - **Hashtags:** [platform-appropriate hashtags]
396
397 - **CTA in caption:** [e.g., "Link in bio for..." ]
398
399 ## A/B Variants
400
401 Film these 3 alternative openings (same body, different hooks):
402
403 1. **Hook A ([type]):** "[line]"
404 2. **Hook B ([type]):** "[line]"
405
406 3. **Hook C ([type]):** "[line]"
407
408 ## Platform-Specific Notes
409
410 [Any re-cut or adaptation notes per platform]
411
412 ```
413
414 ## Trending Content Research
415
416 Before writing any storyboard script, **always perform trending content research** for the user's niche and target platform. This grounds the script in what's actually working right now, not generic best practices.
417
418 ### Research Steps
419
420 1. **Trending hooks in the niche:**
421
422 - `webSearch("[industry] TikTok ad hooks [year]")`
423 - `webSearch("[industry] viral video examples [year]")`
424
425 - `webSearch("best [industry] UGC ads [quarter] [year]")`
426
427 1. **Trending sounds and formats:**
428
429 - `webSearch("[platform] trending sounds [month] [year]")`
430 - `webSearch("[platform] trending formats [year]")`
431
432 - For regional content: `webSearch("[country] [platform] trending sounds [month] [year]")`
433
434 1. **Competitor analysis:**
435
436 - `webSearch("[competitor brand] TikTok ads")`
437 - `webSearch("[industry] top performing social ads [year]")`
438
439 - Note what hooks, formats, and CTAs competitors are using
440
441 1. **Pain point mining:**
442
443 - `webSearch("[product category] complaints Reddit")`
444 - `webSearch("[product category] reviews frustrations")`
445
446 - `webSearch("[industry] [region] pain points")`
447
448 ### Research Output
449
450 Summarize findings in a **Research Notes** section on the canvas (light-blue note) including:
451
452 - 2-3 trending hooks spotted in the niche
453 - Current trending sound/format recommendation
454
455 - Top competitor ad observations
456 - 3-5 authentic pain point phrases sourced from real users
457
458 This research informs the script but is also visible to the user so they understand the strategic thinking behind each creative decision.
459
460 ## Industry Performance Benchmarks
461
462 Include relevant benchmarks on the canvas when available. Use `webSearch` to find current data for the user's specific industry and region.
463
464 ### Common Benchmark Searches
465
466 - `webSearch("[industry] UGC ad benchmarks [year]")` — CPM, CTR, conversion rates
467 - `webSearch("[industry] TikTok ad performance [year]")` — platform-specific metrics
468
469 - `webSearch("[region] social media ad costs [year]")` — regional CPM/CPC data
470 - `webSearch("[industry] average video engagement rate [platform] [year]")`
471
472 ### Benchmark Display
473
474 Add a **Performance Benchmarks** note (light-green) on the canvas with:
475
476 - Industry average CPM for the target platform and region
477 - Average CTR for UGC ads in this vertical
478
479 - Expected view-through rate by video length
480 - Conversion benchmarks if available (e.g., app installs, sign-ups)
481
482 Flag these as reference points, not guarantees. Performance varies based on creative quality, targeting, and budget.
483
484 ## Visual Output — Always Use the Design Canvas
485
486 **Always render the storyboard visually on the design canvas** using the `canvas` skill. Do not just output a text table — build a real, visual storyboard with a generated image for every shot.
487
488 ### Generated Shot Images
489
490 Use the `media-generation` skill to **generate an image for every shot** in the storyboard. Each image should visualize exactly what the camera sees for that shot — match the shot type (CU, MS, WS, POV, etc.), framing, subject, and mood described in the storyboard. These are the storyboard frames, not placeholders.
491
492 When the video targets a specific region or culture, image prompts **must** reflect the local environment, people, and visual context (see Localization section).
493
494 ### Canvas Layout
495
496 Each shot is a vertical stack on the canvas, arranged left-to-right as a horizontal timeline:
497
498 1. **Shot image** (`image` shape, 400w × 300h) — the generated frame for this shot
499 2. **Metadata bar** (`geo` shape, 400w × 60h) — shot number, timestamp, and shot type. Color-coded by purpose: red/orange for hook shots, blue for value delivery, green for CTA.
500
501 3. **Script/VO bar** (`geo` shape, 400w × 80h) — the voiceover line, on-screen text, or audio direction for this shot
502
503 Use 440px horizontal spacing between shot columns. Add a **title shape** across the top with the video concept, platform, and target duration.
504
505 For long storyboards (>8 shots), wrap to a second row.
506
507 ### Full Canvas Structure (top to bottom)
508
509 1. **Title bar** — video concept, platform, duration, tone
510 2. **Subtitle** — target audience, angle, script structure
511
512 3. **Shot timeline** — images + metadata + scripts (left to right)
513 4. **A/B Hook Variants** — 3 alternative openings
514
515 5. **Platform Adaptations** — re-cut notes per target platform (if multi-platform)
516 6. **Research Notes** — trending hooks, competitor observations (light-blue)
517
518 7. **Performance Benchmarks** — industry metrics for reference (light-green)
519 8. **Production Notes** — filming instructions (light-blue)
520
521 9. **Audio Notes** — music, sound effects, VO direction (light-green)
522
523 ## Production Notes
524
525 - **Cuts:** Every 1.5-3 sec on TikTok, every 3-5 sec on YouTube. Static shots >5s bleed viewers.
526 - **Captions:** Always burned-in. Platform auto-captions are unreliable and can't be styled.
527
528 - **Audio:** Trending sound at low volume under VO > original audio only. Use `webSearch` for "[platform] trending sounds this week" — shelf life is ~7-14 days.
529 - **UGC aesthetic:** Phone camera, natural light, slightly messy background. Ring lights and DSLRs read as "ad" and tank trust. Authenticity converts 3-4× polished.
530
531 - **Research:** `webSearch`for current top-performing ad hooks — e.g.`webSearch("[industry] TikTok ad hooks 2026")`or`webSearch("[industry] viral ad examples")`. The TikTok Creative Center (ads.tiktok.com/business/creativecenter) is a useful reference but requires direct browser interaction to filter; search for articles and breakdowns that cite its data.
532
533 ## A/B Testing Plan
534
535 Always deliver 3 hook variants for the same body. Variables to test (change one at a time): Hook type (problem vs. outcome), Proof timing (early vs. late), CTA hardness (soft "check it out" vs. hard "buy now"). Run 7-14 days before picking a winner.
536
537 ## Deliverables Checklist
538
539 Every storyboard project should deliver:
540
541 - [ ] Visual storyboard on the canvas with generated images for every shot
542 - [ ] 3 A/B hook variants
543
544 - [ ] Platform adaptation table (if multi-platform)
545 - [ ] Downloadable creator brief (markdown file)
546
547 - [ ] Production and audio notes on canvas
548 - [ ] Content series plan (if applicable, or offered as option)
549
550 ## Limitations
551
552 - Produces scripts/storyboards only — no video rendering
553 - Cannot access live trending sounds (suggest mood + search query)
554
555 - Cannot measure retention curves
556 - Performance benchmarks are reference data from web search, not guaranteed outcomes
557
558 - Localization relies on web research — native speaker review is always recommended for non-English scripts