Detect crashes caused by Async Client Components (#27019)

Suspending with an uncached promise is not yet supported. We only support suspending on promises that are cached between render attempts. (We do plan to partially support this in the future, at least in certain constrained cases, like during a route transition.) This includes the case where a component returns an uncached promise, which is effectively what happens if a Client Component is authored using async/await syntax. This is an easy mistake to make in a Server Components app, because async/await _is_ available in Server Components. In the current behavior, this can sometimes cause the app to crash with an infinite loop, because React will repeatedly keep trying to render the component, which will result in a fresh promise, which will result in a new render attempt, and so on. We have some strategies we can use to prevent this — during a concurrent render, we can suspend the work loop until the promise resolves. If it's not a concurrent render, we can show a Suspense fallback and try again at concurrent priority. There's one case where neither of these strategies work, though: during a sync render when there's no parent Suspense boundary. (We refer to this as the "shell" of the app because it exists outside of any loading UI.) Since we don't have any great options for this scenario, we should at least error gracefully instead of crashing the app. So this commit adds a detection mechanism for render loops caused by async client components. The way it works is, if an app suspends repeatedly in the shell during a synchronous render, without committing anything in between, we will count the number of attempts and eventually trigger an error once the count exceeds a threshold. In the future, we will consider ways to make this case a warning instead of a hard error. See https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/26801 for more details.