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1 ---
2 title: npx
3 section: 1
4 description: Run a command from a local or remote npm package
5 github_repo: npm/cli
6 github_branch: release/v7
7 github_path: docs/content/commands/npx.md
8 redirect_from:
9 - /cli-documentation/v7/cli-commands/npx
10 - /cli-documentation/v7/commands/npx
11 - /cli-documentation/v7/npx
12 - /cli/v7/cli-commands/npx
13 - /cli/v7/npx
14 ---
15
16 ### Synopsis
17
18 ```bash
19 npm exec -- <pkg>[@<version>] [args...]
20 npm exec --package=<pkg>[@<version>] -- <cmd> [args...]
21 npm exec -c '<cmd> [args...]'
22 npm exec --package=foo -c '<cmd> [args...]'
23
24 npx <pkg>[@<specifier>] [args...]
25 npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] <cmd> [args...]
26 npx -c '<cmd> [args...]'
27 npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] -c '<cmd> [args...]'
28
29 alias: npm x, npx
30
31 --package=<pkg> (may be specified multiple times)
32 -p is a shorthand for --package only when using npx executable
33 -c <cmd> --call=<cmd> (may not be mixed with positional arguments)
34 ```
35
36 ### Description
37
38 This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context as running it via `npm run`.
39
40 Whatever packages are specified by the `--package` option will be provided in the `PATH` of the executed command, along with any locally installed package executables. The `--package` option may be specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment where all specified packages are available.
41
42 If any requested packages are not present in the local project dependencies, then they are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which is added to the `PATH` environment variable in the executed process. A prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either `--yes` or `--no`).
43
44 Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever version exists in the local project. Package names with a specifier will only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as the local dependency.
45
46 If no `-c` or `--call` option is provided, then the positional arguments are used to generate the command string. If no `--package` options are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according to the following heuristic:
47
48 - If the package has a single entry in its `bin` field in `package.json`, or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command will be used.
49 - If the package has multiple `bin` entries, and one of them matches the unscoped portion of the `name` field, then that command will be used.
50 - If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are no bin entries, or none of them match the `name` of the package), then `npm exec` exits with an error.
51
52 To run a binary _other than_ the named binary, specify one or more `--package` options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from the first command argument.
53
54 ### `npx` vs `npm exec`
55
56 When run via the `npx` binary, all flags and options _must_ be set prior to any positional arguments. When run via `npm exec`, a double-hyphen `--` flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that should be sent to the executed command.
57
58 For example:
59
60 ```
61 $ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
62 ```
63
64 In this case, npm will resolve the `foo` package name, and run the following command:
65
66 ```
67 $ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo
68 ```
69
70 Since the `--package` option comes _after_ the positional arguments, it is treated as an argument to the executed command.
71
72 In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is different:
73
74 ```
75 $ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
76 ```
77
78 In this case, npm will parse the `--package` option first, resolving the `@npmcli/foo` package. Then, it will execute the following command in that context:
79
80 ```
81 $ foo@latest bar
82 ```
83
84 The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop parsing command line options and switches. The following command would thus be equivalent to the `npx` command above:
85
86 ```
87 $ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
88 ```
89
90 ### Examples
91
92 Run the version of `tap` in the local dependencies, with the provided arguments:
93
94 ```
95 $ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
96 $ npx tap --bail test/foo.js
97 ```
98
99 Run a command _other than_ the command whose name matches the package name by specifying a `--package` option:
100
101 ```
102 $ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
103 # ~ or ~
104 $ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument
105 ```
106
107 Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:
108
109 ```
110 $ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
111 $ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
112 ```
113
114 ### Compatibility with Older npx Versions
115
116 The `npx` binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone `npx` package deprecated at that time. `npx` uses the `npm exec` command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it accepted in previous versions.
117
118 This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:
119
120 - Any `npm` config value may be provided.
121 - To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package names, `npx` prompts before installing anything. Suppress this prompt with the `-y` or `--yes` option.
122 - The `--no-install` option is deprecated, and will be converted to `--no`.
123 - Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.
124 - The `-p` argument is a shorthand for `--parseable` in npm, but shorthand for `--package` in npx. This is maintained, but only for the `npx` executable.
125 - The `--ignore-existing` option is removed. Locally installed bins are always present in the executed process `PATH`.
126 - The `--npm` option is removed. `npx` will always use the `npm` it ships with.
127 - The `--node-arg` and `-n` options are removed.
128 - The `--always-spawn` option is redundant, and thus removed.
129 - The `--shell` option is replaced with `--script-shell`, but maintained in the `npx` executable for backwards compatibility.
130
131 ### See Also
132
133 - [npm run-script](/cli/v7/commands/npm-run-script)
134 - [npm scripts](/cli/v7/using-npm/scripts)
135 - [npm test](/cli/v7/commands/npm-test)
136 - [npm start](/cli/v7/commands/npm-start)
137 - [npm restart](/cli/v7/commands/npm-restart)
138 - [npm stop](/cli/v7/commands/npm-stop)
139 - [npm config](/cli/v7/commands/npm-config)