0244123a52 · samitouri/QOS-React-2

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4 author: petehunt

5 ---

6

7 -There are a lot of JavaScript MVC frameworks out there. Why did we build React, and why would you want to use it?

7 +There are a lot of JavaScript MVC frameworks out there. Why did we

8 +build React, and why would you want to use it?

9

10 ## React is not an MVC framework.

11

11 -It's a library designed for building big UIs. The type where you have lots of reusable components that are handling events, presenting backend data, and accepting user input. The type where you have to integrate with legacy code, and support legacy browsers.

12 +It's a library designed for building big UIs. The type where you have

13 +lots of reusable components that are handling events, presenting

14 +backend data, and accepting user input. The type where you have to

15 +integrate with legacy code, and support legacy browsers.

16

13 -In a conventional MVC application, you'd build the View with React (and maybe the Controller too, if you'd like).

17 +In a conventional MVC application, you'd build the View with React

18 +(and maybe the Controller too, if you'd like).

19

20 ## React doesn't use templates.

21

17 -Traditionally, you'd create a set of templates with a template language or HTML directives to make a page dynamic. It's up to the designer of the template language or the author of the directives to provide the full set of abstractions you can use to build your front-end code.

18 -

19 -React's technique is to break your view down into small, composable and reusable **components**. These components provide a `render()` method which specifies how the component will generate its markup. `render()` can either return normal DOM elements (like `<div>`s) or can return other components.

20 -

21 -This means that yes, we have JavaScript generating markup. But we think that this is an advantage over using templates for a few reasons:

22 -

23 -- **JavaScript is a flexible, powerful programming language with the ability to build abstractions.** This is incredibly important in large applications.

24 -- "Logic" and "markup" are intimately tied, and are both part of the "presentation" layer, so we're not breaking separation of concerns.

25 -- Large projects usually don't use WYSIWYG editors for production code, so breaking apart markup from the code that creates it usually only introduces friction.

26 -- We've built a safe, convenient and fast way to compose markup and components using pure JavaScript. This means no manual string concatenation and limited surface area for XSS vulnerabilities.

22 +Traditionally, you'd create a set of templates with a template

23 +language or HTML directives to make a page dynamic. It's up to the

24 +designer of the template language or the author of the directives to

25 +provide the full set of abstractions you can use to build your

26 +front-end code.

27 +

28 +React's technique is to break your view down into small, composable

29 +and reusable **components**. These components provide a `render()`

30 +method which specifies how the component will generate its

31 +markup. `render()` can either return normal DOM elements (like

32 +`<div>`s) or can return other components.

33 +

34 +This means that yes, we have JavaScript generating markup. But we

35 +think that this is an advantage over using templates for a few

36 +reasons:

37 +

38 +- **JavaScript is a flexible, powerful programming language with the

39 + ability to build abstractions.** This is incredibly important in

40 + large applications.

41 +- "Logic" and "markup" are intimately tied, and are both part of the

42 + "presentation" layer, so we're not breaking separation of concerns.

43 +- Large projects usually don't use WYSIWYG editors for production

44 + code, so breaking apart markup from the code that creates it usually

45 + only introduces friction.

46 +- We've built a safe, convenient and fast way to compose markup and

47 + components using pure JavaScript. This means **no manual string

48 + concatenation** and limited surface area for XSS vulnerabilities.

49

50 ## Reacting to changes

51

52 React really shines when your data changes over time.

53

32 -In a traditional JavaScript application you need to look at what data changed and imperatively make changes to the DOM to make them consistent. Even AngularJS, which provides a declarative interface via directives and data binding, still requires a linking function to manually update DOM nodes (remember: React components are quite flexible and analogous to AngularJS directives, not templates. In big apps you'll almost certainly need this level of expressive power).

54 +In a traditional JavaScript application you need to look at what data

55 +changed and imperatively make changes to the DOM to make them

56 +consistent. Even AngularJS, which provides a declarative interface via

57 +directives and data binding, still requires a linking function to

58 +manually update DOM nodes (remember: React components are quite

59 +flexible and analogous to AngularJS directives, not templates. In big

60 +apps you'll almost certainly need this level of expressive power).

61

62 React takes a different approach.

63

36 -When your component is first initialized, the `render()` method is called and a string of static HTML is inserted into the DOM. When your data changes, the `render()` method is called again. We diff the old return value from `render()` with the new one and determine the fastest way to update the DOM. So if only a single attribute on a single node has changed, that's all that React will update.

37 -

38 -We call this process **reconciliation**. Check out [this jsFiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/fv6RD/3/) for an example of reconciliation in action.

39 -

40 -Usually reconciliation will be faster than handwritten code, as React knows about the entire state of the page and can do cool tricks like batching reads and writes and picking the fastest subset of DOM mutations to perform.

41 -

42 -The way we're able to pull this off is by constructing a very fast, lightweight representation of the DOM which knows which parts are dirtied and which parts are clean. That is, **the data returned from `render()` isn't a string and isn't a real DOM node, it's just a lightweight description of what the DOM should look like**.

43 -

44 -Because this re-render is so fast (on the order of 1ms for TodoMVC), we don't need the end user to explicitly specify data bindings. We've found that this is an easy way to build apps. It's a lot like the early days of the dynamic web. Back then you wrote simple presentational code and when your data changed you simply refreshed the page. Today, React makes that "refresh" very fast and lightweight, and only changes the parts of the markup that need to be changed.

45 -

46 -No other framework we've seen can support this easily, since it would have to be built from the ground up to have very little coupling with the DOM.

64 +When your component is first initialized, the `render()` method is

65 +called and a string of static HTML is inserted into the DOM. When your

66 +data changes, the `render()` method is called again. We diff the old

67 +return value from `render()` with the new one and determine the

68 +fastest way to update the DOM. So if only a single attribute on a

69 +single node has changed, that's all that React will update.

70 +

71 +We call this process **reconciliation**. Check out

72 +[this jsFiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/fv6RD/3/) for an example of

73 +reconciliation in action.

74 +

75 +Usually reconciliation will be faster than handwritten code, as React

76 +knows about the entire state of the page and can do cool tricks like

77 +batching reads and writes and picking the fastest subset of DOM

78 +mutations to perform.

79 +

80 +The way we're able to pull this off is by constructing a very fast,

81 +lightweight representation of the DOM which knows which parts are

82 +dirtied and which parts are clean. That is, **the data returned from

83 +`render()` isn't a string and isn't a real DOM node, it's just a

84 +lightweight description of what the DOM should look like**.

85 +

86 +Because this re-render is so fast (on the order of 1ms for TodoMVC),

87 +we don't need the end user to explicitly specify data bindings. We've

88 +found that this is an easy way to build apps. It's a lot like the

89 +early days of the dynamic web. Back then you wrote simple

90 +presentational code and when your data changed you simply refreshed

91 +the page. Today, React makes that "refresh" very fast and lightweight,

92 +and only changes the parts of the markup that need to be changed.

93 +

94 +No other framework we've seen can support this easily, since it would

95 +have to be built from the ground up to have very little coupling with

96 +the DOM.

97

98 ## Not just for HTML components in the browser

99

50 -Since React makes so few assumptions about its environment, we can do some pretty cool things with it:

51 -

52 -- Facebook.com has dynamic charts that render to `<canvas>` instead of HTML

53 -- Instagram is a "single page" web app built entirely with React and `Backbone.Router`. Designers regularly contribute React code with JSX.

54 -- We've built an internal prototype that runs React apps in a web worker

55 -- You can run React [on the server](http://github.com/petehunt/react-server-rendering) for SEO, performance, code sharing and overall flexibility.

56 -- Events behave in a consistent, standards-compliant way in all browsers (including IE8) and automatically use [event delegation](http://davidwalsh.name/event-delegate)

57 -

58 -Head on over to [facebook.github.io/react](http://facebook.github.io/react) to check out what we've built. Our documentation is geared towards building apps with the framework, but if you're interested in the nuts-and-bolts [get in touch](http://facebook.github.io/react/support.html) with us!

100 +Since React makes so few assumptions about its environment, we can do

101 +some pretty cool things with it:

102 +

103 +- Facebook.com has dynamic charts that render to `<canvas>` instead of

104 + HTML

105 +- Instagram is a "single page" web app built entirely with React and

106 + `Backbone.Router`. Designers regularly contribute React code with

107 + JSX.

108 +- We've built an internal prototype that runs React apps in a web

109 + worker

110 +- You can run React

111 + [on the server](http://github.com/petehunt/react-server-rendering)

112 + for SEO, performance, code sharing and overall flexibility.

113 +- Events behave in a consistent, standards-compliant way in all

114 + browsers (including IE8) and automatically use

115 + [event delegation](http://davidwalsh.name/event-delegate)

116 +

117 +Head on over to

118 +[facebook.github.io/react](http://facebook.github.io/react) to check

119 +out what we've built. Our documentation is geared towards building

120 +apps with the framework, but if you're interested in the

121 +nuts-and-bolts

122 +[get in touch](http://facebook.github.io/react/support.html) with us!

123

124 Thanks for reading!

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